Importance of Disinfection in homes, hospitals and other public places and which diseases can cause by germs

What is disinfection?

Pesticides use chemicals to kill germs on surfaces and objects. Some common pesticides are bleach and alcohol solutions. To kill germs you usually need to leave the germs on the surfaces and objects for a certain period of time called disinfect.

Disinfectant solutions should always be prepared in well-ventilated places. Wash your hands after using any antiseptic also clean surface. Keep cork tightly lock when if you don’t use it. Slippers and accidents are more likely to occur when containers are open. Do not allow children to use antiseptic wipes. Keep cleaning liquids and disinfectants out of the reach of children and pets.

To kill infectious agents outside the body by direct exposure to disinfectant chemicals or physical agents. However, chemical disinfectants only work if the surfaces have been thoroughly cleaned beforehand to remove grease and other contaminants. For virtual disinfection, it is necessary to first clean the surface and remove noticeable dirt, food pieces and debris, and then wash out to remove any leftover part.

After this stage, according to the manufacturer's instructions, a disinfectant is applied using the correct reducing and contact time, and then washed off with drinking water.

Disinfection in Radiology Department:

Because the radiography equipment is a non-essential medical device, and the equipment is wrapped in a cover, it does not require disinfection. However, disinfection may be required when dangerous spreads occur on devices. To disinfect surfaces, use aldehyde solution, guanidine derivatives and peroxide compounds. Alcoholic products should not be used for area cleaning. After disinfection, clean the system with a dry soft cloth or allow the system to dry naturally. Sterilization is not permitted for X-ray devices.

Together with the hospital's infection control committee and the medical superintendent's office, radiology departments have a responsibility to develop policies to disinfect radiology equipment to manage the risk of infection. In addition, radiology departments should check with their equipment vendors to determine which antibiotics are safe for radiology equipment. The radiology department should have clearly written SOPs

 When to disinfect the facility

 The personnel involved in the cleanup,

 The specific agents used

 Radiologist designated for monitoring and ensuring disinfection and hygiene.

Disinfection for Ultrasound:

• Ultrasound probes used in sterile body tissues or intraoperative tissues should be sterilized using glutaraldehyde or hydrogen peroxide.

• Probes used in intact skin – should be treated with low-level disinfectant material.

• Probes used only for external use on intact skin without contamination of blood or bodily fluids so that’s why it should be cleaned with low-level disinfection.

• Probes that are used for percutaneous for vessels used with single use protective cover and gel and then sterile with low disinfectant.

Disinfectant for CT:

Gantry cover, operator panel, touch panel, Patient table, mattress, monitor, other components – positioning aids, body straps, ECG cables, foot switch. All components disinfect with 70% alcohol.

 What is sterilization?

A process that destroys or destroys all forms of microbial life and is performed in health care facilities, either physically or chemically. Under pressure, steam, dry heat, ETO gas, hydrogen peroxide gas plasma, and liquid chemicals are important antibacterial agents used in healthcare facilities. The purpose of sterilization is to define an absolute meaning. However, unfortunately, some health professionals called "sterilization" "sterile" and the item "partially sterile." When chemicals are used to destroy all types of microbiologic organisms, they can be termed as chemical microbes.

Cleaning and disinfection must be ensured at every stage of preparation using appropriate cleaning agents, methods and cleaning schedules. EE cleaning involves removing dirt, food debris, dirt, grease, or other objectionable material. Separate cleaning equipment, including cloths, sponges, and mops, should be used for specific cleaning areas.

Wherever possible, the use of disposable, single-use clothing is recommended. Effective cleaning is essential to destroy the harmful bacteria and prevent them from spreading in food. Water alone is not a very effective cleaning agent due to its high surface tension. Adding soap to the water facilitates contact between the water and the surface soil, which reduces surface tension and allows better penetration into the soil.

Factors effecting on disinfection and sterilization:

Cleaning of objects

Microbial contamination

Exposure time of germicide
Temperature and pH
Humidity of sterilization
Physical nature of object

 What is cleaning?

Removal of visible soils (for example organic and inorganic materials) from materials and surfaces is usually accomplished manually or mechanically using water with detergents or enzymatic products. High-level sterilization and thorough cleaning before disinfection are important as inorganic and organic materials on the surface of the apparatus interfere with the effectiveness of these processes.

Role of disinfection in hospitals:

Surgical and surgical procedures are required for these medical and surgical instruments that do not transmit infectious pathogens to patients. Because not all sterilization items are necessary for patient care, health care policies should be clearly identified based on the desired use of the item, whether cleaning, sterilizing, or sterilizing have been identified.

Daily and terminal room sterilization reduces bioavailability in a neutral environment. This reduces the risk of cross-border transfers to the hospital

Role of disinfection in schools:

Cleaning and disinfection are part of a wider system of preventing infectious diseases in schools. The first line of defense is vaccination, to help reduce the spread of influenza (flu). Other steps include staying home, covering coughs and sneezes, and washing your hands frequently if you get sick.

Teaching staff have a responsibility to train the children how disinfection is important and how to stay disinfect.

Role of disinfection in homes:

Regularly clean high touching surfaces such as door knobs, tables and light switches. If someone in your home is more likely to get sick than COVID-19, or other contaminated diseases clean them more often.

Follow the instructions on the product label and clean the surfaces using the product suitable for each surface.

If your disinfectant product does not contain a cleaning agent, clean visible surfaces with soap or household soap with soap before disinfection (check label for confirmation).

Clean and sanitize areas that may contain blood, feces, or body fluids.

Communicated diseases:

A communicated disease is a disease that spreads from one person to other person or animal to another. Pathogens such as viruses, bacteria and fungi cause these diseases. Infectious diseases can be spread through body fluids, insect bites, contaminated surfaces, water and food, or by the air.

Some communicated diseases are:

COVID 19:

Corona virus disease is a transmittable disease that lead due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most people who become ill with COVID-19 will experience mild to moderate symptoms and will recover without special treatment. But, some will become sorely ill and will need medical treatment.

Flu:

Influenza is a viral infection that target your respiratory system, nose, throat and lungs. Influenza is commonly called the flu, but it is not like the "flu" virus in the stomach that causes diarrhea and vomiting. For most people, the flu cured on its own.

Hepatitis:

Inflammation of the liver called hepatitis. When the liver is infected with hepatitis it obstruct the liver function. Alcohol, some medicines and toxins caused hepatitis.

HIV/AIDS:

HIV stand for human immunodeficiency virus. It is a virus that targeted the human immune system. If HIV is untreatable, it can cause AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). There is currently no effective cure. Once people diagnose with HIV, they have it for life.

Measles:

Measles is the commonly children disease caused by a virus that is contagious. Symptoms may occur at the age of eight to 12 days after you're infected.

Tuberculosis:

It is an infectious disease that cause by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis damage the lungs.

Ebola:

It is an infectious and fatal disease marked by fever and heavy internal bleeding and spread through contact with infected body fluids by a filo virus (Ebola virus), whose normal host species is unknown.

Disadvantages of disinfection.

• ·         Skin irritation on prolonged contact.
• ·         Possible bronchial irritation from inhalation
• ·         Product deterioration on standing.