Effects of Radiations:
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| Effects of Radiations in Radiology |
X-Radiations used in the radiology department to diagnose
diseases. X-rays are a kind of energy - like light and radio waves. X-rays are
also called radiation. Unlike light waves, X-rays have enough energy to pass
through your body. As radiation travels through your body, it travels through
bones, tissues and organs in different ways. This allows a radiologist to take
pictures of them.
Measure the radiation dose:
The scientific unit of measurement for radiation dose is
Gray, which measures the amount of X-ray energy absorbed per unit mass. Other
radiation units include rad, rem, roentgen, and Sievert.
X-ray imaging procedures usually focus on a specific part of
the body (e.g. head or chest) and expose only that part of the body to a dose
of radiation. Furthermore, different tissues and organs have different
sensitivities to exposure to radiation, so the actual risk of radiation from
X-ray procedures will vary depending on the part of the body and the tissues
that appear. The term "effective diet" is used to describe the part
of the body that appears during a procedure and averages the risk of radiation
throughout the body. The effective food unit is sever. The X-ray procedure results
in a small portion is sever, usually one-thousandth is sever, as indicated by
the Millis evert (mSv).
Types of radiations:
Alpha radiations:
Radiation is energy, in the form of particles or
electromagnetic rays, emitted from radioactive atoms. The three most common
types of radiation are alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays.
Alpha radiation is not able to penetrate the skin.
Alpha-releasing substances can be harmful to humans if they
are inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through open wounds.
A variety of instruments have been developed for measuring
alpha radiation. Special training in the use of these instruments is required
to make accurate measurements.
Devices cannot detect alpha radiation even from a thin layer
of water, blood, dust, paper, or other materials, because alpha radiation is
the least penetrating.
Alpha radiation travels very short distances through the
air.
Beta radiations:
Beta radiation can travel meters in the air and penetrate moderately. Beta radiation can reach the innermost layer of the epidermis in human skin where new skin cells are formed. If beta-emitting contaminants are left on the skin for a long time, they can injure the skin. Beta-emitting contaminants can be harmful if stored internally.
Most beta emitters can be detected by a survey tool.
However, some beta emitters produce very little energy, poorly penetrating
radiation which can be difficult or impossible to detect. Examples are carbon
14, tritium and sulfur 35.
Gamma radiations:
Gamma radiation are electromagnetic radiation like visible
light, radio waves, and ultraviolet light. These electromagnetic rays differ
only in the amount of energy. Gamma rays and X-rays are the most energetic of
them.
Gamma radiation is able to travel several meters in the air and several centimeters in human tissues. It easily penetrates into most materials. X-rays are like gamma rays. They can also travel long distances in both air and human tissues. Radioactive materials that emit gamma radiation and X-rays are a threat to humans, both externally and internally.
Dense materials are required to protect against gamma
radiation. Clothing and breakthrough equipment provide little protection
against penetrating radiation, but prevent contamination of the skin with
radioactive materials.
Gamma radiation is detected by research instruments, including civil protection instruments. Low levels can be measured with a standard Geiger counter. Gamma radiation or X-rays often accompany alpha and beta radiation. Instruments designed exclusively for alpha detection will not detect gamma radiation.
Pocket chamber (pencil) dosimeters, film badges, thermos
luminescent and other types of dosimeters can be used to measure accumulated
gamma radiation exposure.
Early and late Effects of radiations on human:
Early side effects occur during or immediately after
treatment. These side effects are short-term, mild and treatable. They usually
go away within a few weeks after the treatment is over. The most common early
side effects are fatigue (feeling tired) and skin changes. Other early side
effects are usually related to the area being treated, such as hair loss and
facial problems when radiation treatment is given to that area.
Late side effects can have months or years to develop. They
can be found in any normal body tissue that has received radiation. The risk of
late side effects depends on the area being treated as well as the radiation
dose that was used. Careful treatment planning can help avoid serious long-term
side effects. It is always best to talk to your radiation oncologist about the
risk of long-term side effects.
Hair
Hair loss occurs quickly and in collisions with radiation
exposure to 200 rims or more.
The brain
Because brain cells do not regenerate, they will not be
directly damaged unless their exposure is 5,000 rems or more. Like the heart,
radiation kills nerve cells and small blood vessels, and can cause seizures and
sudden death.
Thyroid:
Some parts of the body are more affected by different types
of radiation than others. The thyroid gland is sensitive to radioactive iodine.
In large quantities, radioactive iodine can destroy all or part of the thyroid.
Taking potassium iodide may reduce the effects of exposure.
Blood system
When a person is exposed to about 100 REMs, the number of
blood lymphocyte cells decreases, making the infected person more susceptible
to infection. This is often called mild radiation sickness. The initial
symptoms of radiation sickness are like the flu and go unnoticed until a blood
count is done. According to Hiroshima and Nagasaki data, symptoms can last up
to 10 years and increase the long-term risk for leukemia and lymphoma. . For
more information, visit the Radiation Effects Research Foundation.
Heart
Intense exposure to radioactive material at 1,000 to 5,000
rims can cause immediate damage to small blood vessels and potentially lead to
heart failure and direct death.
Gastrointestinal tract
Radiation damage to the lining of the intestinal tract will
cause nausea, bloody vomiting and diarrhea. This occurs when the hunting
exposure is 200 rams or more. Radiation will start destroying the rapidly
dividing cells in the body. These include blood, GI tract, reproductive and
hair cells, and ultimately damage their DNA and the RNA of surviving cells.
Because the cells of the reproductive tract divide rapidly,
up to 200 of these parts of the body can be damaged at the rim level. In the
long run, some people with radiation sickness will be sterilized.
Blood disorders
According to Japanese statistics, there has been an increase
in anemia among the victims of the bombing. In some cases, the decrease in
white and red blood cells continued for ten years after the bombing.
Survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki had increased rates of
cataracts, which were partially shielded and partially damaged hair.
Malignant tumor
All ionizing radiation causes cancer, but some types of
tumors grow more easily than others. A common type is leukemia. Survivors of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki have significantly higher cancer rates than the general
population, and exposure levels and degrees of incidence for thyroid cancer,
breast cancer, lung cancer, and salivary gland cancer. Are it usually takes a
decade or more before radiation-related defects appear.
Keloids
In early 1946, the scar tissue covering the seemingly
healing scars began to swell and grow abnormally. Within 1.2 miles of the
hypocenter, 50 to 60 percent of those burned by direct exposure to heat rays
have mounds of fleshy and fleshy flesh called keloids. Keloids are thought to
be related to the effects of radiation.
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